A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A - top
Adaptor
In an extruder, the connector through which the resin flows from the extruder to the die
Additive
Substances added to resins to alter basic properties
Adhesion
The state of sticking together two or more materials
Air Gap
In an extruder, the distance between the die and the nip
Aluminum Foil Laminations
A combination of aluminum foil with a paper backing used as a barrier and often combined by means of an adhesive or extruded polyethylene
Angle of Slide
The angle at which solid materials will begin to slide or flow from the horizontal
Anti-Blocking Agent
Agents that add friction and prevent plastic from sticking together
Antioxidant
An additive that stabilizes plastics so they are not broken down by oxygen; especially useful with rubbers, polypropylene, and ABS
Antistatic Agent
Adds electrical conductivity and avoids electrostatic buildup
Apparent Density
Weight per unit volume, including voids in the product
Appearance
Visual inspection of the product you are making, looking for defects in the surface
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
ASTM International is composed of more than 132 technical standards writing committees. Together, they have published more than 9,100 standard specifications, tests, practices, guides, and definitions for materials, products, systems, and services.
ASTM International has published standards dealing with metals, flammability, chemical
products, lubricants, fossil fuels, textiles, paint, plastics, rubber, pipe, forensic sciences, electronics, energy, medical devices and countless other topics.
B - top
Back Seam Woven Bag
A woven bag that contains a seam on its backside
Baggy Paper
A baggy sheet that when pulled tight has one or more slack areas. These slack areas can be located in the middle of the sheet or at its edge
Balance
Scale or other instrument used to weigh samples
Barrel
Cylinder that houses the screw of the extruder
Base Roll
Uncoated or plain paper in roll form, before converting
Base Paper
Rolls of uncoated paper
Basis Weight
The weight of a ream (500 sheets) of paper that is the standard basic sheet size for that grade (also referred to as substance weight). At CEI, basis weight is measured as the weight in pounds of 3000 square feet of paper. The purpose of basis weight is to distinguish the different thicknesses of paper. In other words, a paper with a 24# basis weight is thicker than a paper with a basis weight of 20#
Biaxial Orientation
Molecules are reoriented from random to a more parallel structure in two directions. Orientation improves strength, heat shrinkability, and other physical properties
Biaxially Oriented polypropylene (BOPP)
A polypropylene film that has been stretched in both the machine and cross directions
Biodegradable
The ability to break down through the action of a naturally occurring microorganism over a period of time
Black Light
Ultra-Violet light used to detect the presence of primer (with UV agent added) on a sheet of paper under a clear poly surface
Blisters
Localized raised portions of the surface (like bubbles) in which there is a separation between the top and bottom of the coated sheet
Blocking
When the layers of a roll are stuck together so that the roll does not unwind easily, causing surface damage when split apart
Bond
The adhering together of two or more materials
Breaks
A term used to denote a tear in a roll of paper which occurs while the paper machine is running. Such breaks are generally spliced and marked by a protruding flag
Bridging
Bond of poly to paper of less than desired level in which the poly stretches across the tear line when a web is torn slowly
Brightness
The degree to which paper reflects light of a specified wavelength. Brightness can vary from 0% (black) to 100% (blue-white). It is measured with a Technidyne Brightness Meter.
Broke
Paper trimmings or damaged paper from the machine or finishing rooms, usually returned to beaters for re-processing into saleable paper
Burst Strength
Resistance of paper to rupture under pressure, as indicated in pounds per square inch on a Mullen or "pop" tester
Butt Rolls
Partial end section of a roll that can be used again
C - top
C1S
A clay coated surface
Calender
A series of rollers; the film or sheet is passed between a pair of rollers, the final pair determining the thickness of the material
Calender Blackening
A term descriptive of darkening of the intended shade of paper by excessive calendering or by calendering wet paper
Caliper
The thickness of paper expressed in thousands of an inch
Carbon Footprint
A measure of the impact had on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases produced
CD
Cross direction
Center
Middle position on web, halfway between the front (operator's side) and back of machine
Chip Board
An inexpensive, thick one-ply cardboard, typically made from recycled paper stock
Chill Roll
Water cooled metal roll that is used to cast the hot poly against paper to form the surface quality of the sheet; also used with a rubber roll to form a nip to physically bring paper and poly together for bond
Clean Strip®
Easy open tear strip feature of film reap wrap produced by Coating Excellence International
Coating Absent
The entire width of the web is not coated; the length of the uncoated area can vary from several feet to an entire roll
Coating Voids/Skips
Refers to small areas of the sheet without coating; they are usually elongated in the machine direction and vary in length and width, from a fraction of an inch to several inches or more
Cockles
A rippling effect given to the surface of a sheet of paper which has not been properly dried, sometimes caused by moisture pick-up
Coefficient of Friction
The force maintaining contact between an object and a surface divided by the frictional force resisting the motion of the object
Coextrusion
Two or more resins extruded and combined at the die
Cold seal
Sealing a packaging product by the use of pressure as compared to heat
Core
A tube around which a roll of paper, film or foil is wound
Core Plug
A circular disc that is put in the ends of the core to add stability; cores may be metal, wood, or plastic
Corona Discharge
Ionization of air or gas when a high voltage is applied (5000 + volts); the discharge oxidizes the film by forming polar groups on the surface making it more receptive to inks, adhesives, and other coatings
Corrugated
See "Roped"
Cracked Edges
A crack, tear, or nick at the edge of the sheet
Cross Direction / Cross - Machine Direction
A line perpendicular to the direction paper travels through the paper-making machine; also referred to as cross direction or cross grain
Cross Web Variation
How even the web or sample is from side to side; can be measured in basis weight or caliper; used to determine what a roll will look like before it is finished
Crushed Core
Any degree of out-of-roundness of the core that prevents a shaft from being inserted into it
Cure time
The time required for a material to set at a given temperature and humidity
Curl
Undesirable distortion or waviness occurring to the paper due to the presence of excess moisture or humidity; the measure in inches of how much a sample lifts or rolls up away from a flat surface
D - top
Deckle
On the extruder, deckle rulers prevent the poly from overflowing on the sides of the web. The deckle determines how wide the poly width will be on a particular machine. These may be adjusted manually or electronically depending on the machine.
Degradable
The ability to break down through chemical reactions
Delamination
The separation of the components of a laminated material
Denier
A unit of weight indicating the fineness of fiber filaments and yarns, both silk and synthetic, and equal to a yarn weighing one gram per each 9,000 meters
Density
The weight per unit of volume
Diagonal Curl (D)
The curl that occurs on a line that is diagonal to the side and the end of the web
Die
The opening through which the plastic is extruded
Die Cutter
Device used to cut small samples to an exact size to measure basis weight in grams per square inch using a factor
Die Streak
Defect in a poly coated surface that runs in the machine direction caused by a flaw in or dirt on the die jaws
Dirt
Visible foreign matter (Bark, pitch, scale, slime, etc.) in the sheet or on the side of the roll
Dished
See "Telescoped"
Drawdown
Shrinkage of the plastic as it is pulled from the die at a rate faster than it is being extruded from the die; drawdown ratio is the ratio of the die opening to the thickness of the finished material
Drop Test
Determining bag strength by dropping filled bags from predetermined heights and positions until failure occurs
E - top
Easy open tear strip
A strip of material, normally plastic, fastened under a bag closing tape, used to pull across the top of a roll/fold/tape bag as an easy open feature
Edge Protection
A packaging material used to wrap the edges of a roll to help protect them from damage during shipping and roll handling
Electron
Negatively charged particle(s) of an atom
End Curl (MD)
Axis of curl in the cross machine direction causing the machine direction ends of the paper to curl up or down
Extrude
The output of an extruder
Extruder
The mechanism that generates a continuous flow of a plastic material (whether a pipe, tube, coating, or film); the types of extruders are many with single or multiple screw and ram types
Extrusion
The process of melting resin to apply to paper or to bond film or foil to woven material
Eye Mark
The position of the printed eye mark on a roll of paper; the different eye mark positions can be found on the "Standard Unwind Roll Chart"
F - top
Face Width
The width of the front side of a bag
Felt Side
The top side of the paper, usually recommended for best printing results; this side of paper is darker, caused by drainage on paper machine; the side of web opposite the wire wide
Fiber Tear
The amount of paper that stays on the poly when poly is removed by scotch tape during bond testing
Fill End
The portion of a bag that is left open so that contents can be added into the bag before sealing
Films
A thin plastic used in packaging; less than 10 mils (.010") thick
Finish
The relative texture of a surface; the condition of surface on both coated and non-coated webs (e,g. matte, gloss, MF, MG)
Finished Goods
Product that is packaged and ready to be shipped out to customers
Fisheye
Defect in poly surface caused by unmelted resin pellet
Flag
A small piece of paper or board inserted in a roll of paper so that it extends beyond the end to indicate the location of a splic
Flexible Packaging
Packaging that utilizes materials such as paper, foil, film, etc.
Flexography
A printing style that utilizes flexible printing plates made of rubber or plastic that contain a measured amount of ink; the plates rotate, contacting the print material and transferring ink
Formula
Mixture of components that make a coating
Friction
The resistance to lateral motion when one attempts to slide the surface of one object over another surface
Front
Location on web or machine nearest the operator’s control panel
Front Center
Location on web or machine between center position and front position
G - top
Gauge
The instrument on the extruder that controls the profile or evenness of the poly coating; caliper or thickness expressed as 100 time millage, e.g. 1 mil = 100 ga
Gel
Also known as fish eyes; an uneven coating on paper that is shaped like a tear drop; small gels can be microscopic; large gels can be several inches long
Ghosting
When ink transfers from front of web to back, leaving an unwanted faint image of the design
Gloss
The shiny, reflective appearance of the coated paper when placed under a light source; Measured with a Hunter Gloss Meter; gloss can vary from 0% (Matte finish) to 100% (Mirror-like finish)
Grade
The classification given to paper due to its unique characteristics, which include brightness, opacity, cotton content, etc.
Grain Direction
The direction taken by a majority of the fibers in any sheet of paper; synonymous with "machine direction", the opposite of "cross direction"
Gusset
The side portion of a bag which allows for volume
H - top
HDPE
HDPE (high density polyethylene) is the high density version of PE plastic. It is harder, stronger and a little heavier than LDPE, but less ductile and dishwasher safe.
HDPE is lighter than water and can be molded, machined, and joined together using welding (difficult to glue).
The appearance is wax-like, lusterless and opaque. The use of UV-stabilizers (carbon black) improves its weather resistance but turns it black. Some types can be used in contact with food.
Headers
Round or square, typically corrugated sheets that serve as a protective barrier over the ends of the rolls
Heat Seal
The bonding of two poly surfaces together with heat, pressure, and swell time
Heat Seal Ability
Poly-coated paper that will heat seal under the conditions of temperature, clamp pressure, and dwell time at which the customer wants to operate
Heat Transfer
Method of moving wax from one surface to another using heat and pressure and a HIX N600 transfer machine
Hot Melt Adhesive
A thermoplastic adhesive composed of polymers, resins, and/or waxes
Hot Oil Bond
Test run on poly-coated sample to ensure bond for oil can grades
Humidity
Moisture condition of the air; relative humidity is the percent of moisture relative to the actual amount which air at any given temperature can retain without precipitation
I - top
ICC
Interstate Commerce Commission; a federal agency for regulating commerce that takes place in more than one state; one of its most familiar activities is regulation of trucking
ICC Bar
A bar across the rear of the trailer (below the trailer bed) used to lock trailer to dock as required by the Interstate Commerce Commission
I.D. (Inside Diameter)
The measured distance from inside wall to inside wall through the center of a core
Impact Strength
The amount of impact a bag can withstand before it tears
Ink Receptivity
The ability of a surface to absorb ink
Ink Rub
Test of ink to determining how well it is dried and how it sticks to poly or paper
K - top
Kinetic
Resistance to motion while object is moving or the amount of drag
Kinetic COF
The force needed to keep an object moving once it is started in motion
L - top
Laminated
Paper that is developed by fusing one or more layers of paper together to the desired thickness and quality; other substances like thin sheets of metal, plastic, etc. are often fused to paper
Lamination
Combining multiple layers of material into a single structure
L/D Ratio
The ratio of an extruder's screw length to its diameter
LDPE
Low Density Polyethylene (Plastic)
LDPE is used for packaging items such as foils, trays and plastic bags for both food and non-food purposes. It is used as protective coating on paper, textiles and other plastics (i.e. milk cartons).
Lint
Small fuzzy particles in paper
M - top
Machine Direction
The direction of paper parallel to its forward movement on the machine
Machine Direction Curl
Also known as the end of the sheet (as you face in machine direction)
Master Roll
A roll of paper after going through a converting operation but before rewinding
Matte Finish
A coated paper finish that is flat, not shiny like a gloss, but still keeps much of the ink from being absorbed by the paper and produces an excellent image
MD
Machine direction
Metalized
A very thin coating of metal deposited on film or foil
MF (Machine Finish)
Finish of paper when made on a paper machine that does not have a large smooth dryer roll; paper does not have a smooth shiny side
MG (Machine Gloss)
A sheet of paper having a smooth shiny surface on one side; caused by a large surface dryer on a Yankee Machine
Moisture
The amount of water in the sheet, expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the paper; as the roll absorbs moisture, the fibers at the edges and outer layers of the roll expand
Moisture Barrier
Prevents the movement of moisture from one area to another
Moisture Content
The percentage of water in a material
Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate
The rate of grams of moisture that will pass through an area of 100 sq in of barrier material in a 24 hour period expressed as gm/100 sq in/24 hr
Moisture Welts
Bands, raised welts, or soft wrinkles around the roll (in the machine direction); not perfectly parallel to the edge, but rather wander like a snake; does not meet itself after going completely around the roll; since they exist near the outer diameter of a roll, they usually disappear when a small amount of paper has been slabbed from the roll
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), regulated under Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) legislation, for chemical products; designed to provide both workers and emergency personnel with the proper procedures for handling or working with a particular substance; all companies must have an MSDS sheet on file for all chemicals or hazardous material within the plant
Mullen
Burst strength on a sheet of paper
N - top
Neck-in
The difference between the width of polymer as it leaves the die and the width when it is coated on a substrate
O - top
O.D. (Outside Diameter)
The measured distance from the outside edge to the outside edge of the profile through the center of a roll
Odor
Test to determine if a sheet has a smell and if it is to liking or not
Offset
When a roll shifts over on itself causing a ridge in the profile of the roll
Offset Edge
The edge of the roll is not a flat surface; as the roll is wound, the edge of the paper shifts from side to side so that some of the layers of the roll are offset from others
Offset Printing
A method of printing where inks are transferred from a plate to a rubber blanket and then onto the printing surface
Opacimeter
The instrument with which the degree of opacity may be measured
Opacity
The degree of clarity of a surface
Outturn Sample
A sample from every master roll 12" x full web width saved for future use and marked with date, machine, roll number, and order number
Oxygen Transmission Rate
The rate in cubic centimeters that pure oxygen will pass through an area of 100 sq in of barrier material in 24 hours, expressed as cc/100sq in/24 hr
P - top
P3K Treatment
Measure of surface tension produced by either electronic or flame treating a surface to make that surface easily wet by liquids
Packaging Converter
A company that converts packaging materials into finished products
Palatability
The degree that packaging materials affect the taste of the contents inside
Picking
The lifting of any portion of a paper surface during the printing impression, due sometimes to inadequate surface sizing and sometimes to ink being excessively tacky.
Pinch bottom bag
A bag formed with adhesive applied to an extended lip on the bag opening along with part of the bag face; that part of the bag can then be heated to re-activate the adhesive after filling, folded over the bag opening, and pinched to close the bag
Pinholes
Small holes, the size of a pin, that go completely through the coating; the measurement is the number of pin holes per square foot; when pinholes are present, the number usually varies from 0 to 3 per square foot
Pipe Liners
A delamination of foil from the base paper that is about the size of a pencil
Plastic
Materials consisting of high molecular weight polymer(s) that are fluid at some stage, but solid in their final state
PO Number
Purchase order number
Poly
A generic term for polyolefins, including polyethylene and polypropylene; used to coat paper to give heat seal, moisture, and holdout properties
Poly Slug
A chunk of poly that leads from the die that is not flat like a web
Polyethylene
A thermoplastic material composed solely of polymers of ethylene and abbreviated PE
Polypropylene
Polypropylene Any of various thermoplastic resins that are polymers of propylene; they are hard and tough and are used to make molded articles, packaging materials, and fibers
Porosity
The degree to which air can pass through the fibers in a sheet, measured (in seconds per unit volume) by the time that is required for a given volume of air to flow through the sheet
Porosity Test
A test which measures the time required for a given amount of air flow through a sheet of paper; this test is a measure of how closely the fibers are compacted and bonded together; a paper of high porosity is one that is quite dense and relatively non-porous; this test is made with a "Densometer".
Post Gusseting
The operation of forming a longitudinal tuck or gusset into each side of a continuous tube of material; this is typically done in a secondary operation after the material has been formed into a tube; the gussets typically form the sides of a bag which is closed on one end prior to filling
Primer
Layer of material used to promote better bond between poly and paper
Primer Coverage
Test to see if you have primer under the poly; primer has a UV agent to make it fluorescent when examined under ultraviolet light
Printability
The property of paper which yields printed matter of good quality. This property at present is not accurately defined; it is judged by uniformity of color of the printed areas, contrast between printed and clear areas, legibility of the printed matter and show-through. It is generally believed that this property is related to ink receptivity and its uniformity, compressibility, smoothness, and opacity.
Print Direction
The orientation of the copy relative to the unwind direction of the roll and according to what the customer specified
Print Skips
Refers to areas of the paper that were not printed
Print Wrong Copy
The wrong printing plate was used
Print Void
Area without print; caused by press opening or running out of ink
Profile
The roll surface from edge to edge
Proof
A trial print that is taken for examination or correction before mass printing
Puckers
A rise or dip in the surface of a sheet of paper caused by uneven moisture
Pyrometer
Instrument used to measure surface temperature
R - top
Raw Materials
Anything that is used to make up finished goods; examples: paper, foil, film, polyethylene
Ream
3,000 square feet of paper; reported in pounds or number shipped
Ream Wrap
The outer wrapper of a package of copy paper; grade of paper used as a moisture barrier for wrapping
Recyclable
The ability to be treated or processed to be made suitable for reuse
Register
In printing, register is the placement of two or more images on the same paper in such a manner as to make them in perfect alignment with each other; when a printing job is in exact register, succeeding forms or colors can be printed in the correct position relative to the images already printed on the sheet
Repeat
The measured length from eye mark to eye mark on material that is printed in register
Repeat Length
The length of a print on a finished roll
Repel Treatment
Test used to determine level of fluorochemical in paper; this increases the oil repellency of sheet (TL-30)
Rewinder
Equipment which slits and rewinds paper webs into smaller rolls
Reworked
Rewinding a set-out to remove the off quality material or to remove a physical defect from the roll
Roll/fold/glue
An operation done to the top or bottom of a side gusseted bag, in which the bag is folded over twice in the same direction and glued in position to close off the bag
Roll/fold/tape
An operation done to the top or bottom of a side gusseted bag, in which the bag is folded over twice in the same direction and taped in position to close off the bag
Roped
Ropes or corrugations are a series of parallel diagonal ripples or wrinkles in the paper running around the roll (in the machine direction); the pattern of uniform diagonal markings, which is usually 1" to 4" wide resembles a rope
Rubber Roll Mark
A visual image in the surface of the poly caused by something sticking to the rubber roll or a defect in the rubber or in the grinding
S - top
Schmidt-Hammer Test
The hardness of paper rolls is an important quality factor in the working processes of the paper, film, and foil industry. Rolls that are too hard or too soft, rolls that are unevenly wound, or rolls with different moisture contents can cause difficulties during the printing process. The hardness control of such rolls, in particular their uniformity over the whole width, has to date created many problems.
SCHMIDT-Hammer® Test is based on the principle of rebound measurement and is very simple in its handing. The impact plunger of the instrument is pressed against the paper roll which compresses a spring. After reaching a certain point, the spring is released and an internal hammer mass is launched against the impact plunger. The amount of hammer mass rebound depends on the hardness of the test piece. This rebound amount is then shown on a scale of 10 to 100. Test intervals of 2" to 4" (5 to 10 cm) across the whole width of the roll will give the values for the "Hardness-Profile" within a short period of time. The testing is non-destructive with exception of very light marks that the instrument leaves on the top two or three layers. Such "Hardness-Profiles" will show immediately whether the rolls have the necessary consistency. Rolls that are too soft or rolls with inconsistent hardness are immediately recognized and can be rejected before the actual insertion in the press.
Scratches
A fine, hair-like indentation in the coating surface usually less than 1/8 inch wide
Seal Strength
The force a seal can withstand before it breaks apart
Set Out
An off quality roll that needs to be reworked; set outs can come from any point in the manufacturing process; typical reasons for a set out include: extruder splices, offset in a roll, wrong slit width
Sewn Closure
A method of closing filled bags with a special sewing machine
Side/Edge Curl (CD)
Curl that occurs at the edge of the web
Sizing
Adding a specific compound (frequently rosin) that makes the sheet more resistant to penetrations by liquids
Shear
Force moving two contiguous parts to slide against each other
Shear strength
The strength of a material or component against the type of yield or structural failure where the material or component fails along a plane as a result of forces acting parallel to the plane
Slab
Waste at the end of the roll that is normally cut off the core and thrown away
Slide Zipper
A plastic zipper profile and slider used to close and open the top of a bag; moving the slider along the zipper profile will open or close the bag top
Slime Holes
Holes of irregular shape; around the hole there may also be a discolored area caused by micro-organisms that grow in the warm water at the wet end of the paper machine; if a large organism reaches the press it cannot get through the nip and a hole results
Slime Spots
Discolored areas of irregular shape caused by micro-organisms that grow in the warm water at the wet end of the paper machine; when a small organism reaches the press station, the organism is mashed to form a slime spot
Slip Agent
Additive that aids in lubricating the surface of the plastic
Slip Sheet
8 1/2 x 11" piece of paper/foil with two faced tape on the back that is fed into the web while running to get poly weights
Slitter
A sharp disk which cuts paper into pre-determined widths
Slitting
Cutting paper by the use of a cutting wheel; paper may be slit into smaller sheets or a web of paper may be slit into narrower rolls
Smeared Print
The print on the copy is blurred or smeared
Smoothness
The flatness of a sheet of paper, which generally determines the crispness of the image printed upon it; the texture of paper or poly sometimes measured with a gauge and given a numerical value
SOP
Standard operating procedure
Splice
To connect the ends of two rolls of a raw material together with tape; an overlapping joint used to join the ends of webs together
Static
An electrical charge that is stationary (as opposed to an electrical current in which the charges cause a movement of electrons through a conductor). A coated sheet can become charged with static electricity so that one side of the sheet possesses a positive charge and the other side a negative charge. Since opposite electrical polarities attract each other, a stack of coated sheets that possess static electricity will cling to each other and therefore be more difficult to separate than uncharged sheets. A sheet can retain significant amounts of static for months.
Static COF
The force needed to start an object's movement
Static Streak
An area on a coated web where static electricity has been discharged that will show an increase in visking; this can be prevented with static eliminator bars; detection is by methyl violet staining of the web and allowing to air dry
Streaks
Bands of lighter than normal coating pickup that are wider than about 1/8”
Stretch
The elongation of a sheet that occurs, before rupture, when tension is applied to the paper; the measure of stretch is the increase in length of a strip of paper after it is loaded to failure in a tensile tester, stated as a percentage of its original length; the average of a number of measurements of stretch across the web
Strike Through
A visual defect that looks like the paper is transparent or darker; caused by hot wax or asphalt being absorbed by the paper rather than staying on the surface
Substrate
Any material such as paper, film, and foil to which adhesives, inks or coating are applied
Sustainability
Incorporating environmentally friendly practices to help maintain the environment
Swab
A type of brush or paddle used to spread dye or stain on samples
T - top
Tack
The resistance of an ink film to being split between two surfaces, such as between rollers, between plate and blanket, and between blanket and paper; stickiness
TAPPI
Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
TAPPI is the leading technical association for the worldwide pulp, paper, and converting industry. Founded in 1915, TAPPI has grown into the world’s largest professional association serving the pulp, paper, and converting industries. TAPPI’s members look to the association for information, education, and knowledge-sharing opportunities. As a professional technical society, TAPPI is in a unique position to offer a wide array of information, products, services, and opportunities unparalleled in the pulp, paper and converting industry.
TCC
Trouble Cause & Correction
Ex: Trouble: Film wrapper (120/120) was not wrapping tight or at all at speeds over 65 ppm
Cause: COF was too high at 0.30 causing the wrapper to pull back on the under folder at the trailing edge
Correction: COF was lowered to 0.25 and product now runs at speeds over 100 ppm
Tearing Strength
The ability of a paper to resist tearing when subjected to rigorous production demands of manufacturing, printing, binding and its conversion from flat sheets into envelopes, packaging materials, etc
Tear Test
Type of bond test performed by slowly tearing a laminated sheet and looking right at the point of tear to see if the poly remains like a film and stretches between the two halves; no film stretch desired (no bridging)
Telescoped
The roll edge is concave on one side and convex on the other; may exist when the roll is received by the customer or it may occur while the roll is being unwound; also known as "dished"
Tensile Strength
The maximum load that a material can support without fracture when being stretched
Total Weight
The basis weight of the sample with all coating and laminating sheets together
Top/Felt Side Curl
Edges that are turned away from you
Transparent
When a material transmits light without diffusion, allowing an object to be clearly seen through it; measured with an opacity meter
Tubular Woven Bag
A woven bag that contains no seams
U - top
Unwind
The direction in which the print reads on a roll of paper; the different unwind directions are predetermined and can be found on the "Standard Unwind Roll Chart"
V - top
Visking
Test to measure how a future coating or ink will bond to the surface; the surface of poly or wax coated sheets does not readily accept inks, adhesives, or other coatings
W - top
Water Vapor Transmission Rate
The grams of moisture that will pass through an area of 100 sq in of material in a 24 hour period, expressed as gm/100 sq in/24 hr
Wavy
The appearance of one or both edges of a web in which the sample fails to lay flat on a flat surface
Web
The material from a roll as it moves through a converting machine
Web Position
Location on a machine or sample that describes front to back; used for sampling and control of cross direction variation
Wire Side Curl
As you face the wire side of the sheet, the edges are turned towards you
WIP
Work in process
Z - top
ZES
Zero energy state; the machine is completely shut down; all energy sources have been terminated